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Zero or Non-Zero Check

Concept Explanation

What is it?

This program classifies a numerical input as either zero or non-zero. It's a binary classification that is foundational to many control flow decisions in programming.

Why is it important?

Checking for zero is a frequent operation in computing. It's often used to prevent errors (like division by zero), to terminate loops (e.g., counting down to zero), or to validate conditions (e.g., if a quantity is empty).

Where is it used?

• Error Prevention: Most crucially, before performing division, checking if the divisor is non-zero.
• Loop Control: Iterating until a counter reaches zero.
• Game Development: Checking if a player's health is zero (game over), or if a resource count is zero.
• Financial Systems: Validating if a transaction amount is zero or non-zero.

Real-world example

Imagine a traffic light system. If the timer for the green light reaches zero, it should change. If the timer is non-zero, the light remains green. This program implements the basic logic for such a decision.

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Algorithm

1. Start.
2. Get a number (num) from the user.
3. If num is equal to 0: a. Display that num is zero.
4. Else (num is not equal to 0): a. Display that num is non-zero.
5. End.

Edge Cases: - Non-numeric input (handled by language-specific error mechanisms or explicit validation). - Floating-point numbers: Direct equality (==) checks with floats can be problematic due to precision issues; using a small epsilon value for "near equality" is often preferred for more robust comparisons. This example uses direct comparison for simplicity.

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Implementations

Java (JDK 17)Python (3.10+)C (C99)Oracle (19c)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ZeroOrNonZero {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
        double number = scanner.nextDouble();

        System.out.println("Number entered: " + number);

        if (number == 0) {
            System.out.println("The number is ZERO.");
        } else {
            System.out.println("The number is NON-ZERO.");
        }

        scanner.close();
    }
}

# Get a number from the user
num_str = input("Enter a number: ")
num = float(num_str)

print(f"Number entered: {num}")

if num == 0:
    print("The number is ZERO.")
else:
    print("The number is NON-ZERO.")

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    double num;

    printf("Enter a number: ");
    scanf("%lf", &num);

    printf("Number entered: %.2lf", num);

    if (num == 0) {
        printf("The number is ZERO.");
    } else {
        printf("The number is NON-ZERO.");
    }

    return 0;
}

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
DECLARE
  input_num   NUMBER := &Enter_a_Number;
BEGIN
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Input Number: ' || input_num);

  IF input_num = 0 THEN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The number is ZERO.');
  ELSE
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The number is NON-ZERO.');
  END IF;
END;
/

Explanation

• Java: Uses a simple if-else statement with the == operator for comparison. Scanner handles double input.
• Python: Employs an if-else statement. float() converts string input to numbers.
• C: Reads double input using scanf("%lf", ...). Compares the number with 0 using if-else and displays the result with printf().
• Oracle: Implemented in PL/SQL. Uses NUMBER data type for numerical comparison within an IF-ELSE block. Substitution variables for interactive input.

Complexity Analysis

• Time Complexity: O(1) - A single comparison is performed.
• Space Complexity: O(1) - A fixed number of variables are used.

Flowchart

graph TD
    A[Start] --> B[Get Number]
    B --> C{Number == 0?}
    C -- Yes --> D[Display ZERO]
    C -- No --> E[Display NON-ZERO]
    D --> F[End]
    E --> F

Sample Dry Run

Step	Number	Number == 0?	Description
Input	5	-	User enters 5
Decision	5	False	5 is not equal to 0
Output	-	-	Display "The number is NON-ZERO."
End	-	-	Program terminates
Input	0	-	User enters 0
Decision	0	True	0 is equal to 0
Output	-	-	Display "The number is ZERO."
End	-	-	Program terminates

Practice Problems

Easy

• Modify the program to check if a number is positive, negative, or zero.
• Extend the program to check if a number is even or odd.

Medium

• Write a program that counts the number of zero and non-zero values in a list of numbers.
• Add input validation to ensure the user enters a valid number.

Hard

• Implement a robust numeric input parsing function that handles various string formats (e.g., "0", "0.0", " 0 ") and correctly identifies them as zero or non-zero.

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"The computer does not care about your feelings, it only cares about your logic." - Anonymous