Wrapper Classes & Generics 🚀

Mentor's Note: Primitives like int are fast, but they aren't Objects. To use them in powerful tools like ArrayLists, we need to "Wrap" them. Generics then ensure we don't accidentally put a "Spoon" into a "Shoe Box"! 💡

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🌟 The Scenario: The Cardboard Box 📦

Imagine you have a single piece of fruit 🍎.

• The Primitive: The fruit is raw and loose. It's fast to eat but hard to ship or organize in a large warehouse. 📦
• The Wrapper: You put the fruit in a Cardboard Box 📦. Now it's an "Object." It has labels and can be handled by standard shipping tools. (Autoboxing).
• The Generics: You label the warehouse section: "APPLES ONLY" 🏷️. Now, workers cannot accidentally put an Onion in your Apple box.
• The Result: You have organized, safe, and professional storage. ✅

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📖 Concept Explanation

1. Wrapper Classes

Wrapper classes allow us to use primitive types (int, char, double) as objects.

Primitive	Wrapper
byte	Byte
int	Integer
char	Character
boolean	Boolean

• Autoboxing: Automatic conversion: Integer myObj = 5; 🪄
• Unboxing: Reverting back: int i = myObj; 🪄

2. Generics

Generics allow you to create classes, interfaces, and methods that work with Any Type, while checking for errors at Compile Time. 🛡️

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🎨 Visual Logic: Type Safety

graph LR
    A[Raw List] -- "add 'Hi'" --> B[Accepts Anything ❌]
    A -- "add 10" --> B

    C["Generic List <String>"] -- "add 'Hi'" --> D[Success ✅]
    C -- "add 10" --> E[Compile Error! 🛑]

    style E fill:#f99

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💻 Implementation: The Advanced Lab

Generics

// 🛒 Scenario: A Universal Storage Box
// 🚀 Action: Using T as a placeholder for any type

class Box<T> {
    private T content;

    public void set(T item) { this.content = item; }
    public T get() { return this.content; }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 📦 1. Create a String Box
        Box<String> nameBox = new Box<>();
        nameBox.set("VishnuDigital");

        // 📦 2. Create an Integer Box
        Box<Integer> scoreBox = new Box<>();
        scoreBox.set(100);

        System.out.println("Stored: " + nameBox.get());
    }
}

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📊 Sample Dry Run (Autoboxing)

Instruction	What Java Sees	Description
Integer n = 10;	Integer.valueOf(10)	Primitive "wrapped" into Object 📦
int x = n;	n.intValue()	Object "unwrapped" into primitive 🍎

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📈 Technical Analysis

• Type Erasure: In Java, Generics are only for the compiler. Once the code is compiled, Java removes the type info (<T>) to stay backward compatible. 🧠
• Constraints: You cannot use primitives directly in Generics. ArrayList<int> is INVALID; use ArrayList<Integer>.

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🎯 Practice Lab 🧪

Task: The Generic Swapper

Task: Write a generic method printValue(T value) that prints whatever value is passed to it, along with its data type. Hint: value.getClass().getName(). 💡

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💡 Interview Tip 👔

"Interviewers love asking: 'What is the benefit of Generics?' Answer: It provides Type Safety at compile time and eliminates the need for manual Type Casting!"

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💡 Pro Tip: "Before software can be reusable it first has to be usable." - Ralph Johnson

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