Break & Continue 🛑 Skip

Mentor's Note: A loop is a train on a track. But what if there's a problem? Break is like the Emergency Brake (Stops the train), and Continue is like a Small Jump (Skips one station and goes to the next). 💡

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🌟 The Scenario: The Grocery Trip 🛒

Imagine you are at a supermarket with a list of 10 items to buy.

• The Break (The "I'm Done" Brake): You have 10 items on your list, but by the 4^th item, you realize you've Ran out of Money! 💰 You Break (Stop) the whole trip and go directly to the exit. 🚪
• The Continue (The "Out-of-Stock" Skip): You want to buy 10 items, but the 3^rd item (Bread) is Out of Stock. 🚫 You Continue (Skip) the bread and immediately move to the next item (Milk) on your list. 🧺
• The Result: You have total control over your journey through the loop. ✅

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🎨 Visual Logic: Stop vs Skip

Statement	Role	Analogy	Visual Action
break	Exit the loop 🛑	The Emergency Brake	Entire Loop Stops!
continue	Skip current turn ⏭️	The Small Jump	Move to the Next Item!

graph TD
    A[Loop Start 🔄] --> B{Condition?}
    B -- Match? --> C{Break or Continue?}
    C -- Break 🛑 --> D[EXIT LOOP 🚪]
    C -- Continue ⏭️ --> E[NEXT TURN 🔁]
    B -- No Match --> F[Run Code ⚙️]
    F --> E

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📖 Concept Explanation

1. The break Statement 🚪

Immediately terminates the loop and moves to the first line of code AFTER the loop block.

2. The continue Statement ⏭️

Stops the current "turn" (iteration) of the loop and jumps immediately back to the Condition Check to start the next turn.

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💻 Implementation: The Grocery Lab

Java (JDK 17+)

// 🛒 Scenario: Grocery Shopping
// 🚀 Action: Using break and continue to control the trip

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("--- Starting Trip ---");

        for (int item = 1; item <= 10; item++) {
            // ⏭️ 1. Continue: Out of Stock at Item #3
            if (item == 3) {
                System.out.println("Item #3 is Out of Stock. Skipping... 🚫");
                continue; 
            }

            // 🛑 2. Break: Out of Money at Item #6
            if (item == 6) {
                System.out.println("Ran out of Money! Ending trip... 💰");
                break;
            }

            System.out.println("Buying Item #" + item + " 🧺");
        }

        System.out.println("--- Exit Supermarket ---");
    }
}

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📊 Sample Dry Run (Logic)

Turn	Item #	if (3?)	if (6?)	Output	Action
1	1	No	No	"Buying #1"	Normal 🧺
2	2	No	No	"Buying #2"	Normal 🧺
3	3	Yes ✅	-	"Skipping #3"	Skip ⏭️
4	4	No	No	"Buying #4"	Normal 🧺
5	6	No	Yes ✅	"Ending trip"	EXIT 🚪

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📈 Technical Analysis: The while Loop Trap ⚠️

Using continue in a while loop can be dangerous! - The Problem: If you put continue BEFORE your i++ (increment), your loop will jump back to the start and stay on the same number forever! - The Solution: Always make sure your counter updates before you skip. 🛡️

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🎯 Practice Lab 🧪

Task: The Lucky Draw

Task: Loop from 1 to 20. Skip the number 13 (Unlucky) using continue. Stop the whole loop at 15 using break. Goal: Master the combination of skip and stop logic. 💡

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💡 Interview Tip 👔

"Interviewers often ask: 'Does break exit from all nested loops?' Answer: NO. A standard break only exits the innermost loop. To exit all of them, you need a Labeled Break (e.g., break myLabel;)."

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💡 Pro Tip: "Use continue to make your code cleaner. Instead of wrapping everything in a giant 'if', just skip the items you don't want at the top!" - Vishnu Damwala

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