Method Overloading 🔌¶

Mentor's Note: Method Overloading is about Convenience. Instead of having addInts(), addFloats(), and addDoubles(), you just have ONE name: add(). Java is smart enough to know which "version" to call based on the data you give it! 💡

🌟 The Scenario: The Universal Power Adapter 🔌¶

Imagine you have a high-tech universal power socket in your home.

The Method (The Action): The action is always the same: "Plug In" (plugIn). 🔌
The Overloading (The Different Plugs):
- Version 1: Accepts a 2-Pin Plug (Input: int pinCount). 🔌
- Version 2: Accepts a 3-Pin Plug (Input: int pinCount, boolean hasGround). 🔌
- Version 3: Accepts a USB Cable (Input: String cableType). 🔌
The Result: You don't need three different sockets with three different names. You use the Same Socket Name for all of them! ✅

🎨 Visual Logic: One Name, Many Forms¶

Method Signature	Action	Input Shape
`plus(int, int)`	Addition ➕	Whole Numbers
`plus(double, double)`	Addition ➕	Decimal Numbers
`plus(String, String)`	Concatenation 🔗	Textual Data

graph TD
    A[Call: add] --> B{What inputs?}
    B -- int, int --> C[Run Version 1 🏗️]
    B -- double, double --> D[Run Version 2 🏗️]
    B -- String, String --> E[Run Version 3 🏗️]

📖 Concept Explanation¶

1. What is Method Overloading?¶

Method overloading occurs when multiple methods in the same class have the same name, but different parameters.

2. The Rules of Overloading 📏¶

To overload a method, one of these must be different: 1. The Number of parameters (e.g., 2 vs 3). 2. The Type of parameters (e.g., int vs double). 3. The Order of parameters (e.g., String, int vs int, String).

3. What doesn't count? 🚫¶

Changing the Return Type (e.g., void vs int) alone is NOT enough for overloading. Java will throw an error!

💻 Implementation: The Power Lab¶

Java (JDK 17+)

// 🛒 Scenario: A smart "Plus" machine
// 🚀 Action: Overloading the 'plus' method

public class Main {
    // 🏗️ Version 1: For Whole Numbers
    static int plus(int x, int y) {
        return x + y;
    }

    // 🏗️ Version 2: For Decimal Numbers
    static double plus(double x, double y) {
        return x + y;
    }

    // 🏗️ Version 3: For Text (Concatenation)
    static String plus(String x, String y) {
        return x + " " + y;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 📞 Java chooses the right one automatically!
        System.out.println(plus(8, 5));          // Calls Version 1
        System.out.println(plus(4.3, 6.2));      // Calls Version 2
        System.out.println(plus("Hello", "VD")); // Calls Version 3
    }
}

📊 Sample Dry Run (Logic)¶

Step	Call	Computer's Logic	Version Used
1	`plus(5, 5)`	Find `plus` with 2 integers	Version 1 (int) 🧱
2	`plus(5.5, 5.5)`	Find `plus` with 2 doubles	Version 2 (double) 🌊
3	`plus("A", "B")`	Find `plus` with 2 strings	Version 3 (String) 🚂

📈 Technical Analysis: Compile-Time Polymorphism 🧠¶

Overloading is also known as Static Polymorphism or Compile-Time Polymorphism. This is because the Java Compiler decides exactly which method to call before the program even starts running. ⚡

🎯 Practice Lab 🧪¶

Task: The Area Calculator

Task: Create a method calculateArea. - If it receives one int, calculate the area of a Square (x * x). - If it receives two ints, calculate the area of a Rectangle (x * y). Goal: Use the same name for both! 💡

💡 Interview Tip 👔¶

"Interviewers often ask: 'Can we overload a method by only changing the return type?' Answer: NO. The parameter list (signature) must be different for Java to tell the methods apart."

💡 Pro Tip: "Method overloading makes your code's API look clean and intuitive. If it does the same action, give it the same name!" - Vishnu Damwala

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