Attributes & Methods ⌚

Mentor's Note: Think of a class like a Smartwatch. The hardware features (Battery %, Color, Storage) are the Attributes. What the watch actually DOES (Sync data, Count steps, Set alarm) are the Methods. 💡

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🌟 The Scenario: The Fitness Smartwatch ⌚

Every smartwatch has its own data and its own features.

• The Attributes (The Data):
  • batteryLevel = 85%;
  • stepsCount = 5000;
  • isWaterproof = true;
• The Methods (The Actions):
  • syncWithPhone(): Uploads your data to the cloud.
  • resetCounter(): Sets your steps back to zero.
• The Result: You use the Dot Operator (.) to access the watch's battery or tell it to sync! ✅

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🎨 Visual Logic: Data vs Action

Category	Role	Analogy	Java Term
Attributes	What it is	The physical parts 📦	Variables
Methods	What it does	The functions/apps ⚙️	Functions

graph LR
    subgraph Object: ["Smartwatch ⌚"]
    A[stepsCount: 5000]
    B[batteryLevel: 85]
    C[syncWithPhone()]
    D[resetSteps()]
    end

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📖 Concept Explanation

1. Accessing Attributes

In Java, we use the Dot Operator (.) to access an object's variables.

2. The final Keyword 🚫

If you don't want an attribute's value to be changed (like the watchID), use the final keyword. It makes the variable constant.

3. Static vs. Public Methods

• Static: These methods belong to the Class. You can use them without buying the watch (e.g., checking the global "Watch Compatibility" list).
• Public: These methods belong to the Object. You MUST own the watch (create an object) to use them.

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💻 Implementation: The Smartwatch Lab

Java (JDK 17+)

// 🛒 Scenario: A Smartwatch with data and actions
// 🚀 Action: Using attributes and methods together

class Smartwatch {
    // 📦 Attributes
    int batteryPercent = 100;
    final String serialNumber = "SN-9988"; // Constant

    // ⚙️ Public Method (Requires an object)
    public void syncData() {
        System.out.println("Syncing your steps to the cloud... ☁️");
    }

    // ⚙️ Static Method (Belongs to the class)
    static void showFactoryLocation() {
        System.out.println("Factory Location: California, USA 🏭");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 🏭 Using a static method without an object
        Smartwatch.showFactoryLocation(); 

        // 🏗️ Creating the object
        Smartwatch myWatch = new Smartwatch();

        // 🏷️ Accessing and modifying attributes
        myWatch.batteryPercent = 95;
        // myWatch.serialNumber = "NEW-123"; // ❌ ERROR: final cannot be changed

        // 📞 Calling a public method
        myWatch.syncData();
    }
}

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📊 Sample Dry Run (Logic)

Instruction	Computer's Action	Result
Smartwatch.showFactoryLocation()	Look up the blueprint directly	Prints "Factory Location" 🏭
new Smartwatch()	Allocate memory for batteryPercent	Object created 🏗️
myWatch.syncData()	Find the syncData code in the blueprint	Prints "Syncing..." ☁️

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📈 Technical Analysis

• Instance Variables: Attributes that are not static. Every object gets its own copy. If I have two watches, changing the battery on one doesn't affect the other.
• Class Variables (Static): Only one copy exists for all objects. They are shared across the entire class.

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🎯 Practice Lab 🧪

Task: The Music Player

Task: Create a class MusicPlayer with an attribute songTitle and a method playSong(). Create a static method aboutApp() that prints the version name. Goal: Call both methods in the main class. 💡

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💡 Interview Tip 👔

"Interviewers often ask: 'Can a static method access an instance attribute?' Answer: NO. A static method doesn't know which object you are talking about. It belongs to the class blueprint, not the individual instance."

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💡 Pro Tip: "Attributes define the state, Methods define the behavior. Together, they make a complete Object!" - Vishnu Damwala

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