Python Dictionaries 🚀

Mentor's Note: If a List is a group of items found by their Position (0, 1, 2), a Dictionary is a group of items found by their Name (Key). It's like having a search engine inside your data! 💡

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🌟 The Scenario: The Smart Phonebook 📞

Imagine you have a modern smartphone.

• The Logic:
  • You don't scroll through 500 numbers to find "Mom."
  • You search for the Name (The Key). 📦
  • The name points instantly to the Phone Number (The Value). 📦
• The Result: You find the information instantly without knowing its position in the list. ✅

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📖 Concept Explanation

1. What is a Dictionary?

A dictionary is a collection which is ordered* and changeable. It stores data in key:value pairs. - Keys must be unique. - Keys act as the label, Values act as the data.

2. Creating a Dictionary

Dictionaries are written with curly brackets {}.

user = {
  "name": "Vishnu",
  "age": 25,
  "city": "Surat"
}

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🎨 Visual Logic: The Key-Value Map

graph LR
    subgraph Keys: ["The Labels 🏷️"]
    K1[name]
    K2[age]
    end
    subgraph Values: ["The Data 📦"]
    V1["Vishnu"]
    V2[25]
    end
    K1 --> V1
    K2 --> V2

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💻 Implementation: The Dictionary Lab

Python (3.10+)

# 🛒 Scenario: A Product Catalog
# 🚀 Action: Updating and accessing data

product = {
    "id": "SKU101",
    "brand": "Dell",
    "price": 45000
}

# 1. Access by name 🔍
print(product["brand"]) 

# 2. Update a value 🔄
product["price"] = 42000

# 3. Add a new pair ➕
product["in_stock"] = True

# 4. View all parts 🖼️
print(product.keys())   # Labels only
print(product.values()) # Data only
print(product.items())  # Pairs

# 🛍️ Outcome: A fully updated record

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📊 Sample Dry Run (Access)

Input: D = {"A": 1, "B": 2}

Step	Action	Logic	Result
1	D["A"]	Find box labeled "A"	1 📦
2	D.get("C", 0)	Look for "C" (not found)	0 (Default)

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📉 Complexity Analysis

• Searching by Key: \(O(1)\) - Instant! This is why dictionaries are so powerful. ⚡
• Adding/Deleting: \(O(1)\) - Very fast.

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🎯 Practice Lab 🧪

Task: The Translation Dictionary

Task: Create a dictionary named colors where keys are English names ("Red", "Green") and values are Gujarati names ("Lal", "Leelo"). Ask the user for an English color and print the translation. Hint: print(colors[user_input]). 💡

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💡 Industry Context 👔

"In professional web development, we use JSON to send data. Python dictionaries are nearly identical to JSON, making Python the best language for handling web data!"

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← Back: Sets | Next: Data Comparisons →

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