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VNSGU BCA Sem 2: Programming Skills Using C (204) Practical Solutions - Set A

Paper Details

  • Subject: Programming Skills Using C
  • Subject Code: 204
  • Set: A
  • Semester: 2
  • Month/Year: April 2025
  • Max Marks: 25
  • Time Recommendation: 45 Minutes
  • Paper: View Paper | Download PDF

Questions & Solutions

All questions are compulsory

Q1: Factorial UDF

Max Marks: 10

Write a C program to create user define function fact() that returns factorial of given number N to main function.

1. Factorial Function Logic

Develop the fact() function to calculate the factorial using a loop.

Hint

Factorial of \(N\) is \(1 \times 2 \times \dots \times N\). Use a loop that starts from 1 and multiplies each number. Handle the case for \(0! = 1\) correctly.

flowchart TD
start[Start Function]
init[Initialize Result = 1]
loop[Loop from 1 to N]
calc[Result = Result * i]
ret[Return Result]

start --> init
init --> loop
loop --> calc
calc -- "Check Loop" --> loop
loop --> ret
View Solution & Output 
// User-defined function to calculate factorial
int fact(int n) {
    if (n == 0 || n == 1) {
        return 1;
    }
    int result = 1;
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
        result = result * i;
    }
    return result;
}

Step-by-Step Explanation: 1. Initialization: Initialize result to 1 and check if the input n is 0 or 1. 2. Logic Flow: Use a for loop from 2 to n, multiplying result by each integer to calculate the factorial. 3. Completion: Return the final result value to the main function for display.

2. Main Execution Flow

Implement the main() function to accept user input and call the fact() function.

View Solution & Output 
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int N;

    printf("Enter a number: ");
    scanf("%d", &N);

    if (N < 0) {
        printf("Error: Factorial not defined for negative numbers.\n");
    } else {
        int factorial = fact(N);
        printf("Factorial of %d = %d\n", N, factorial);
    }

    return 0;
}

Step-by-Step Explanation: 1. Initialization: Declare an integer variable N and prompt the user for input. 2. Logic Flow: Read the number, validate that it is non-negative, and call the fact() UDF. 3. Completion: Print the calculated factorial or an error message if the number was negative.

Output: 

Enter a number: 5
Factorial of 5 = 120

Q2: Python Student CRUD

Max Marks: 10

Write a Python program to create a dictionary for student data which contain Roll No, Name, Div, Marks and City. Perform Insert, Update and Delete operation on it.

1. Data Initialization & CRUD Operations

Create the student dictionary and navigate through the different operations.

Hint

Start with a dictionary containing the required fields. Use student['new_key'] = value for insert/update and del student['key'] for delete.

flowchart TD
dict[Student Dict]
ins[Insert New Key]
upd[Update Value]
del[Delete Key]

dict --> ins
ins --> upd
upd --> del
View Solution & Output 
# Initialize student dictionary
student = {
    "Roll No": 101,
    "Name": "Rahul Sharma",
    "Div": "A",
    "Marks": 85,
    "City": "Surat"
}

# Display original data
print("Original Student Data:", student)

# INSERT operation
student["Phone"] = "9876543210"
print("After Insert (Phone):", student)

# UPDATE operation
student["Marks"] = 92
print("After Update (Marks):", student)

# DELETE operation
del student["Div"]
print("After Delete (Div):", student)

Step-by-Step Explanation: 1. Initialization: Define a dictionary student with initial fields like Roll No, Name, and Marks. 2. Logic Flow: Perform an insert by adding a new key, update an existing value, and delete a key using the del keyword. 3. Completion: Print the dictionary state after each operation to confirm the CRUD actions.

Expected Output: 

Original Student Data: {'Roll No': 101, 'Name': 'Rahul Sharma', 'Div': 'A', 'Marks': 85, 'City': 'Surat'}
After Insert (Phone): {'Roll No': 101, 'Name': 'Rahul Sharma', 'Div': 'A', 'Marks': 85, 'City': 'Surat', 'Phone': '9876543210'}
After Update (Marks): {'Roll No': 101, 'Name': 'Rahul Sharma', 'Div': 'A', 'Marks': 92, 'City': 'Surat', 'Phone': '9876543210'}
After Delete (Div): {'Roll No': 101, 'Name': 'Rahul Sharma', 'Marks': 92, 'City': 'Surat', 'Phone': '9876543210'}

Q3: Viva Preparation

Max Marks: 5

Potential Viva Questions
  1. Q: How does a function return a value in C?
  2. A: Using the return statement followed by the value or variable to be sent back to the calling function.
  3. Q: What is a Python Dictionary?
  4. A: An unordered collection of data in key-value pairs, where keys must be unique and immutable.
  5. Q: Difference between int fact() and void fact()?
  6. A: int fact() returns an integer value, while void fact() does not return any value.
  7. Q: What is Recursion? Can we solve factorial using it?
  8. A: Recursion is when a function calls itself. Yes, factorial is a classic example: fact(n) = n * fact(n-1) with base case fact(0)=1.
  9. Q: Are dictionary keys case-sensitive in Python?
  10. A: Yes, "Name" and "name" would be treated as two different keys.
  11. Q: What happens if you try to access a dictionary key that doesn't exist?
  12. A: Python raises a KeyError. You can use the .get() method to avoid this and return None instead.

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Last Updated: April 2025